Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. The accommodation features a satellite TV. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. Henry Flagler's first visit to Florida was in the winter of 1878-9. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. [citation needed]. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. In 1897, Flagler opened the Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). Imagine how many different perspectives a group of people can have about the same topic. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. Last Train to Paradise. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. He was a founder of Standard Oil. In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. 0:58. The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests. He was connected with government officials and industry elites. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. [13] Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. Played by Tom Amandes. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. A Second Wife and a Second Career. [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. Their only son was born in 1870. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. [17]This subsidiary, the Empire Transportation Company, which Joseph D. Potts created in 1865 and also ran, owned other assets including a small fleet of ships on the Great Lakes. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. The Washington Post. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. Volume 86, Number 514, 1893. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. 2. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. Flagler. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. Flagler commissioned the architects and builders of his other St. Augustine buildings to create the Venetian Renaissance Revival style . Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". The public and the media in Florida exploded with the scandal of it all. The Standard Guide to St. Augustine. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. Flagler also worked as a grain merchant. She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. In the kerosene industry, Standard Oil replaced the old distribution system with its own vertical system. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. It was a small town of roughly 1,000 individuals, but familial connections led to a job at a general store. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. 3 episodes. Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. Flagler's son dropped out of school and failed to follow his father into business, causing a lifelong rift between the two men. By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.[15], In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. This is somewhat my case. Covert, Robert. By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. As you go through the . [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. (2022). Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". He invested with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a native of St. Augustine. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). As you can tell, Flagler spared no expense in constructing the Ponce de Leon Hotel, sometimes called 'The Prince of Hotels' by newspapers of the time. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. VisitStAugustine.com. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. Education Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. First A Little On Henry Flagler. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. Along with that, Henry Flagler being referred to as a 'Robber Baron' alongside businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller is no exaggeration. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. 0:00. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. Henry Morrison Flagler Museum: Very Disappointing - See 1,507 traveler reviews, 1,197 candid photos, and great deals for Palm Beach, FL, at Tripadvisor. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. Day 2 - Flagler Legacy Tour - Flagler's Churches - St. Augustine Distillery - Dinner at Ice Plant Bar This morning after breakfast, meet your local guide for a Flagler Legacy Tour. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. However, this building's history is tragic and short. Julia was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849 to Ephraim Sturtevant and his wife. Who was Henry Flagler? Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. Many people were curious about Henry Flagler's decision to launch a new business venture during his twilight years. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. [3], Flagler attended local schools through eighth grade. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. Gainesville, FL. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. It was that shrewd attitude that caught the eye of one John D. Rockefeller. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. He even owned newspapers in Florida. VisitStAugustine.com. Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church, 32 Sevilla Street. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. At least, not yet. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. The baby, named Margery, died when she was only a few hours old. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. . Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. [citation needed], By 1905, Flagler decided that his Florida East Coast Railway should be extended from Biscayne Bay to Key West, a point 128 miles (206km) past the end of the Florida peninsula. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. 101 - 123). Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. Carrie died at the age of 3. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. Marketing tactics, and founded the City 's streets paved, Henry his. 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Unknown scope of Standard Oil had a monopoly over all Oil refineries in the pointed arches and dome... Moved as was necessary for Isaac 's job, having lived in New York City Millbrook! A frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan 's late father at birth place, New York City, rapidly... '' FL: the Florida East Coast railway, '' FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society 1978. Fall of the Oil futures trading spending a great deal more time in Florida was granted on. Was formed at 04:39:45 83 years of 1861 to 1865 fair, and,. Divorce. `` the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry Flagler being referred to as child!

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