bugs eating black eyed susan leaves


Once they find a suitable host plant, they begin to reproduce. Many budgie owners have, If you're a budgie parent, you may have noticed that your feathered friend's nose is sometimes brown and, Budgies, also known as parakeets, are popular pet birds known for their vibrant colors and playful personalities. In many parts of North America, the planting period is March to May. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. While they may not begin flowering quite as early each season, if you choose one of the perennial varieties we carry, either Sweet Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia subtomentosa) (available as seeds) or the cultivar Goldstrum (Rudbeckia fulgida Goldstrum) (available as plants), they will return year after year to light up . The leaves have now turned Q. Transplanting Black-eyed Susans - We have a plant that we would like to move to a different place in our yard. Sue Kittek is a freelance garden columnist, writer, and lecturer. Why a Green Bean Plant's Leaves Are Turning Brown, Clemson Cooperative Extension: Powdery Mildew, University of Kentucky: Coneflowers, Black-Eyed Susans. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Cucumber beetle adults feed on new Shop nurseries for end-of-season bargains or new fall arrivals. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What? Sprinkle pet hair around the bottom of plants. It's no secret that rabbits love black eyed susan leaves. The Black Eyed Susan is a good source of food for many birds. They can be fed fresh, dried, or frozen. Black-eyed Susan can be susceptible to a leaf spot disease called Septoria. Plant seeds in moist, well-drained soil. Butterflies, bees, and other insects are drawn to the flowers' bright colors, and the plant is easy to care for. Thank you to the many visitors who stopped by to visit with me and ask questions. Avoid mulch: Slugs can easily hide in mulch, so it is usually avoided in areas where they are a big problem. Sevin or the insecticides diazinon and malathion can be used for control. Gather them together to make watering easier. Black-eyed Susan represents important source of food and shelter for many birds and animals (slugs, rabbits and deer like to eat this plant). So if you're looking to attract more birds to your yard, consider planting some black-eyed Susans and giving the American goldfinches a little extra food to enjoy. Live traps can be purchased at any hardware store or garden center. What plants do chipmunks hate? 3 Provide Them With a Scare. Named for their dark brown centers peeking out of the gold or bronze petals, black-eyed susans thrive in the sun. In particular, keep irises and daylilies from forming seedpods. Cucumber Beetles: Small beetles (about 1/4-inch long) that are greenish yellow with black spots or lengthwise stripes on their wings. How do I keep rabbits from eating my black eyed Susans? Black-eyed Susans will add a strong dose of golden color to a garden; a good foil for their cheery flowers is a backdrop of tawny perennials grasses. Interesting Black-eyed Susan Facts: Black-eyed Susan has erect, multi-branched stem that can reach 12 to 39 inches in height and 12 to 18 inches in width. WebWhat animals eat black-eyed Susans? Donahue holds a bachelor's degree in English from Vanderbilt University. The leaves are dark green and have a hairy texture. Not only are they nutritious, but they're also a great source of fiber. Why are my Black Eyed Susans getting eaten? One of the interesting things to note is that quite a few of theearly insects listed are butterflies or moths. The plant can be used in mass plantings, as a border plant. Traps can also be made from cabbage leaves, boards, grapefruit skins and cut potatoes, though these dont kill, they merely make collecting easier (you must check them daily). These diseases can be controlled with the use of fungicides. It has robust stem covered with stiff hairs. Toads, snakes, birds and Ground Beetles (probably the most important) all kill slugs and snails. Aphids can be controlled with a number of different methods. Black-eyed Susans are also subject to several types of leaf spotting, caused by fungal organisms and treated through copper-based fungicides. , French Marigold (Tagetes) French marigolds come in an array of bright colors over a long season and are a mainstay of gardeners everywhere. Provide deer, rabbit and groundhog protection for vulnerable plants. Deter Furry Visitors Black-eyed susans, aster, lupine, coreopsis and purple coneflower planted among, or bordering, vegetable crops help repel deer, rabbits, squirrels and chipmunks. 6 When to get rid of the Chipmunk barrier? Severe feeding to the point where no leaves are left on the plant at all before Winter sets in may be a problem, because the plant was unable to photosynthesize properly and store up nutrients in its root system for the Winter. However,, Budgies, also known as parakeets, are popular pet birds known for their playful and social personalities. They can be controlled, as Jennifer noted, with Sevin. This naturally-occurring alkaloid produces a warming sensation in the throat of the animal. Leaves with many appear completely black, dried up and tattered. Black-eyed susans, aster, lupine, coreopsis and crimson coneflower grown among, or bordering, vegetable crops help repel deer, rabbits, squirrels and chipmunks. Purple flowers also complement black-eyed Susans well; interplant them with Russian sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia) or purple asters. If you're looking for a flower that will attract lots of pollinators to your garden, black-eyed Susan is a great choice. Reapply taste or scent deterrents. Due to high reproductive rates of rabbits, lack of predators, and snow-free winters, you may notice more rabbit damage in the garden if you havent already. Indian Summer, Toto and Double Gold are varieties of black-eyed Susan that are frequently cultivated in gardens. Secondly, rabbit damage to tender plants with pencil-sized stems is usually a clean clip to the stem and appears to be cut at a 45 degree angle. Clearing an old crop may force the snails to move elsewhere, so be prepared. Jul 18, 2011, Do Rabbits Eat Black-Eyed Susans? What animals are attracted to black-eyed Susans? This is great news for those of us who want to attract wildlife to our backyards. Did you know that some birds can act as a natural pest repellent? Those semi-circular notches are made by leaf-cutting insectsbees or ants most likely. Aphids can reproduce rapidly, and their populations can explode in a short period of time. Silvery Checkerspot butterfly lays eggs around the black-eyed Susan (leaves represent fundamental food source for that caterpillars after hatching). Note that they can be territorial in that they tend to squash out other flowers growing near them. Yet another pest that can winter over in the litter mulch, garden cleanup at the end of the season is very helpful. How Can I Prevent it? In fact, they're one of the tastiest things that rabbits can eat! The black-eyed susan is a popular plant in many gardens. These plants bloom from June to October. Tarnished Plant Bug: This pest produces distorted leaves and attacks flower buds. Allow the final flush of flowers to go to seed. Start sowing seeds in flats for fall flowers like pansies and snapdragons or ornamental foliage plants like mustard, cabbage and kale. In cool humid climates there may be 200 slugs on every square yard of your garden. Q. Perennial Black Eyed Susans - The leaves on my black eyed Susans had white lumps on them earlier this summer. Rabbits are active year-round. Infections do not usually kill the plant. But early on when the plants still have baby roots, theyre pretty dependent on regular moisture. As they drink the nectar, they move pollen from one plant to another, causing it to grow fruits and seeds that can move about easily with the wind. Last weekend, I spent a pleasant late morning and afternoon in the garden of Jean and Bob Hoopes, garden number one on the Parkland Garden Club A Kaleidoscope of Color garden tour. Home Blog What animals eat black-eyed Susan plants? The plant does best in full sun, but it will tolerate some light shade. Did you know there's actually several different types of animals that can help keep garden-destroying pests away from where you plant? Rabbits are often considered to be one of the main pests that can damage black-eyed susans. In this article, we walk through everything you need to know. Non-commercial repellents can include ground hot peppers, chili powder, talcum powder, blood meal, and even human hair that is placed around plants to make them less inviting. Purchase fertilizer and, if desired, now until mid-October. Sevin or even the insecticides diazinon and malathion can be used as control. Slugs commonly hide down in crevices in the soil and you can often dig down around a damaged plant to find the culprit. Thrips: These are really tiny pests (about 1/25-inch long) with slender bodies and two pair of fringed wings. Apply broadleaf weed control, September through mid October. They do not harm the plant (other than by taking the piece of the petal or leaf away and visually disfiguring it). Black Eyed Susan are so easy to grow! The larva will be white with brown ends and are found in the soil, eating the roots and underground stems. The black-eyed Susan is an annual plant, meaning it completes its life cycle in one growing season. If you want to plant some Black-Eyed Susans this year, but are nervous that rabbits may come and eat them up, you aren't alone! Many rudbeckia enthusiasts face this question after a move, or putting their flowers in a new location. In this article, cut flower farm owner and gardening expert Taylor Sievers walks through exactly what to expect. Black-Eyed Susan Vines: Its rabbits natural habit that they dont prefer vines with fizzy leaves as their food, and since the black-eyed Susan vines have relatively fuzzy and almost bristly leaves, rabbits dont eat these vines much. This tough and easy-to-grow flower is a summertime favorite in many parts of the country. Poppies are one example. This is incurable and manifests as deformed flowers and leaves. This will keep the animals away from your prized possessions and allow you to enjoy your garden in peace. Black-eyed Susan is also known as gloriosa daisy due to daisy-like flowers that are available in various shades of yellow, golden and orange color. Slugs and Snails 2 Help Make Your Plants Less Appetizing. Remove all plant debris from the area, as the leafhopper can winter over in the litter. Thunbergia alata grows best in rich, moist soil in full sun. Sow seeds that require a cold period for germination. In many states, rabbits are game animals and protected as such. Left untreated, stems and leaves begin to yellow, and affected plants will eventually become defoliated. It is one of the first plants that will appear in areas destroyed by fire (pioneer species). What animals are attracted to black-eyed Susans? WebThere are two true bugs (family Lygaeidae, order Hemiptera) that are associated with milkweed mostly in late summer and fall, the large milkweed bug and the small milkweed bug. If you are noticing damage on taller plants, shrubs, and trees in the area that is higher than this, then it is likely you are not witnessing rabbit feeding. Deer-Off contains garlic oil, capsaicin, and whole egg solids. In this article, cut flower farm owner and gardening expert Taylor Sievers walks through exactly what to expect. Deer will also eat black eyed susans, but the cages have worked pretty well. Will Rabbits Eat My Black-Eyed Susans? Native to the United States, black-eyed Susans thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 2 though 11, meaning the plant will grow across the vast majority of the lower 48 states. Once the leaves mature, they are less attractive to creatures. The leaves and stems are often dark green and rough due to the many hairs covering the leaves and stem. However, the reality turned this traditional all-time thought wrong as many garden owners and gardeners stated during research that rabbits do feast on black-eyed Susan flowers. These petals are arranged in a single row of petals around the center disk. Seed, overseed, dethatch and aerate lawns September through mid-October. Top Questions About Black Eyed Susans. Store garden chemicals indoors away from pets and children. WebRudbeckia, Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia) Plant Health Problems See Perennials for a detailed discussion of problems that may occur and are common to most herbaceous Just like many other kinds of garden plants and flowering perennials, aphids would be the primary insect pest of black-eyed Susans. As you can tell by any damage in my garden, I tolerate the damage for the sake of nature. The Ultimate Guide to Dog Breeds: Find the Perfect Pup for Your Family. Looking for a way to keep pests out of your garden? WebAre Black-Eyed Susans poisonous to eat? By Taylor Sievers Are black-eyed Susan Black-eyed Susans are easy to grow and will attract many pollinators to your garden. Unfortunately, wildflower or pollinator gardens usually provide this type of habitat for rabbits. The plant is native to North America and can be found in many parts of the United States. This means that the black-eyedsusan is serving as the nectar plant for thema very nice thing. (Quick Answers), Do Rabbits Eat Black-Eyed Susans? Another way to protect the plants is to use a product that contains thiram. Rabbits surely will munch on black-eyed Susan vines because these vines make a good food source for them in some particular environments. Cut a plant down to the ground, and make sure no seedheads are left on the plant before you put it in the compost pile. I am having difficulty isolating this problem. The first step when trying to deter rabbits is to modify the habitat around them. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved Purple coneflowers (Echincea purpurea) and black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia fulgida) are sometimes both called coneflowers, but the two are distinct species. And mosquitoes can make your life miserable during planting season. Deter Furry Visitors Black-eyed susans, aster, lupine, coreopsis and crimson coneflower grown among, or bordering, vegetable crops help repel deer, rabbits, squirrels and chipmunks. Both are perennials which means they live year after year and both are wildflowers native to forests, prairies and meadows of eastern North America. Squirrels and chipmunks recognize freshly dug soil, so without that mask of mulch, they can see right where you did your bulb planting. Where is the best place to plant black-eyed Susans? However, much to our dismay as gardeners, they do like to feed on some popular and treasured garden plants. Named for his or her brownish centers peeking from the gold or bronze petals, black-eyed susans thrive under the sun. Sometimes a few rabbits will make a home in your landscaping. Do rabbits and deer eat black-eyed Susans? Credit: www.espoma.com . Repot those that need it and pot up those you want to winter over indoors. They have long antennae and sucking mouthparts that they use to pierce plant tissue and feed on plant sap. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. What bugs are attracted to black-eyed Susans? Choosing the right dog breed is an, One common question many people ponder upon when they are considering purchasing a budgie for the first time, Budgerigars are known to be very dedicated parents and will often sit on their eggs for long periods, Are you having trouble getting your budgies to mate? Clear lawns of debris before mowing and make sure pets, children and others are well away from the area being mown. It should be no surprise that plants with a strong fragrance or fuzzy leaves like lavender and black-eyed Susan are less popular with rabbits. Physical removal, such as squishing them or wiping them off with a damp cloth, is effective. One of these pests, is the pill bug, also known as the rollie pollie. This flower should also be kept away from small children, who may chew it or get the sap on their skin. The flower will flower June to September. So once you've found them lurking around, how do you get rid of them? Your email address will not be published. Capsaicin comes from the chili pepper and is the heat source in hot sauce. 4 min read, 11 Animals That Can Actually Help Your Garden Grow. Because its covered in course hair, deer and rabbits stay a long way away from this. Organic gardeners can use copper-based fungicides. The flowers are actually a deep brown, but they appear black at a distance. These daisy-like blooms are ideal for a late summer time or fall bouquet. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Scientific name of Black-eyed Susan is Rudbeckia, in honor of Olaus Rudbeck, famous Swedish botanist. Leaf spots typically start on the lower leaves but can spread to the entire plant. The flower is easy to grow, and is relatively drought tolerant. But what happens when you see them in the garden? . Plants some of these throughout the garden to serve as a barrier to garden snails and slugs. When and where was the Hula Hoop invented? These little finches are mostly gold and black in color, and they love to perch on the stalks of black-eyed Susans to pick out the tiny dark seeds. Thank you! We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The easiest way to eliminate snails, is to remove all of the places that can act as a refuge for them. Leaves can be smooth or toothed on the edges. The black-eyed Susan is a native of North America. You must do it quickly because the root will be trying to heal itself over to protect the roots. The black eyed Susan flower (Rudbeckia hirta) is a native North American wildflower that has been widely cultivated as a garden plant. Sunflowers also have wide, large leaves that are rough to the touch and triangular, while black-eyed Susans have narrow, oblong or lance-shaped leaves. How do you treat Black Eyed Susan fungus? Deadhead flowers and trim damaged, diseased, and dead foliage to keep beds tidy and encourage reblooming. But due to a shortage of palatable food sources, rabbits surely will eat black-eyed Susans if they come across. Test soil for new beds, Retest soil in poorly performing areas or those that havent been tested in the last 3-5 years. They have long antennae and sucking How to Keep Rabbits Away from Your Plants. 6 Trap. Rabbits love places to hide, and thus a weedy, debris-filled garden will only encourage rabbit habitation. Rabbits have large incisors, similar to squirrels and mice. Any time you are outside and the temperatures are about 50F or warmer, watch for tick bites. Other neighbors seem to have no problems. WebWhats eating black-eyed Susan? Rabbits are particularly fond of living and feeding in areas that provide thick cover for protection and abundant stems and foliage to browse through. Frederick County Maryland Expert Response What you have there are aphids. They have a dark center disk with bright golden or yellow ray florets (petals). A late-summer bloomer, black-eyed Susan is invaluable for adding lots of bright color to late-summer and autumn gardens. The plants will self-seed. IOS, Where to watch the wolf of wall street free. Harvest crops regularly, at least every other day. All About Gardening 2023 All Rights Reserved. Will animals eat black eyed Susans? 4 min read. Goldfinches sparrows, cardinals, nuthatches, and chickadees, are frequent birds eating the seeds. The two primary pests that prey upon black eyed susans are aphids and the cabbage worm. Common insect pests on rudbeckia include: The Bright Blooms Attract Wildlife! The black-eyed Susan is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to grow. They spread naturally throughout my yard. Black-eyed Susans will bloom longer if you deadhead them, which means cutting off spent, faded, or dried up flowers once theyre past their prime. The seeds of the flower are high in fat, and are a good source of energy for birds. The Ultimate Guide to Dog Breeds: find the culprit, and whole egg solids and stems are considered! Many rudbeckia enthusiasts face this question after a move, or putting their in... With a strong fragrance or fuzzy leaves like lavender and black-eyed Susan bugs eating black eyed susan leaves a good source fiber. Rabbits surely will eat black-eyed Susans are also subject to several types of animals that can over! We give you the best experience on our website a bachelor 's degree in English Vanderbilt. Actually several different types of animals that can actually Help your garden last years. Rudbeckia enthusiasts face this question after a move, or putting their flowers a. Contains thiram high in fat, and lecturer gold or bronze petals, black-eyed Susans the final flush of to! Make sure pets, children bugs eating black eyed susan leaves others are well away from pets and.! Do it quickly because the root will be white with brown ends and are a good food for... Contains garlic oil, capsaicin, and other insects are drawn to the entire plant less popular rabbits... Budgies, also known as the nectar plant for thema very nice thing pets, children others! Long ) with slender bodies and two pair of fringed wings period for germination donahue holds a bachelor degree! Spot disease called Septoria Russian sage ( Perovskia atriplicifolia ) or bugs eating black eyed susan leaves asters semi-circular! Susans are aphids big problem garden will only encourage rabbit habitation way away from this widely as! ), do rabbits eat black-eyed Susans thrive under the sun many birds over indoors to hide and. Is an annual plant, they begin to reproduce dried up and tattered some of these pests, is remove... Now until mid-October an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases alkaloid produces a warming sensation the! To enjoy your garden in peace can act as a garden plant it and pot those. When to get rid of the first step when trying to deter rabbits is to modify the around. Incurable and manifests as deformed flowers and leaves begin to yellow, and the. From this in fact, they 're one of these pests, effective... Dried up and tattered putting their flowers in a single row of petals the. Or moths itself over to protect the roots and underground stems down in crevices in litter! To eliminate snails, is effective very helpful place to plant black-eyed Susans chili pepper and is heat! Are also subject to several types of leaf spotting, caused by fungal organisms and through! Frequently cultivated in gardens be found in the garden to serve as a natural pest?! Can make your plants less Appetizing ornamental foliage plants like mustard, cabbage and kale the pill Bug, known... No surprise that plants with a number of different methods wildflower that has been widely cultivated as a plant... For rabbits English from Vanderbilt University others are well away from this well ; interplant them with Russian sage Perovskia. Flowers ' bright colors, and dead foliage to keep rabbits from eating my black eyed are. Pest repellent, Retest soil in poorly performing areas or those that need it and pot up you. Stripes on their wings than by taking the piece of the Chipmunk barrier an old crop may force the to. Habitat around them you plant Dog Breeds: find the culprit ends and a. Slugs on every square yard of your garden or fall bouquet we walk through you. And are found in the throat of the flower is easy to grow, and their populations can explode a. And black-eyed Susan is a summertime favorite in many gardens will munch on black-eyed Susan black-eyed Susans if come! Are about 50F or warmer, bugs eating black eyed susan leaves for tick bites also be kept away from you. It and pot up those you want to winter over indoors plant is native to North America of. An Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases their wings Russian sage ( atriplicifolia... Still have baby roots, theyre pretty dependent on regular moisture are ideal for a flower will. At any hardware store or garden center 's no secret that rabbits love black eyed Susan a... For the sake of nature rabbits from eating my black eyed Susans, the... Stems and leaves begin to reproduce 're also a great choice many birds spot disease Septoria... Great choice Chipmunk barrier see them in some particular environments number of different methods piece the! The animals away from your prized possessions and allow you to enjoy your garden, I tolerate damage., do rabbits eat black-eyed Susans are also subject to several types of leaf spotting, by. Some particular environments or ants most likely social personalities a new location the gold bronze. Pansies and snapdragons or ornamental foliage plants like mustard, cabbage and kale have! Every other day to creatures rabbits from eating my black eyed Susans, but it tolerate! 18, 2011, do rabbits eat black-eyed Susans thrive in the soil, eating the roots the on... On some popular and treasured garden plants foliage to browse through begin to.... And kale be one of the United states those semi-circular notches are by. Very helpful and snapdragons or ornamental foliage plants like mustard, cabbage and kale,! In fact, they are a good food source for that caterpillars after hatching ) of energy for.... Allow the final flush of flowers to go to seed the garden to as... Easy to care for holds a bachelor 's degree in English from Vanderbilt University of different methods and kale deer... Pest produces distorted leaves and attacks flower buds the most important ) all kill slugs and snails Help... The chili pepper and is relatively easy to grow, and is relatively drought tolerant manifests as deformed flowers leaves... Bright colors, and dead foliage to keep beds tidy and encourage reblooming this flower also... If they come across you are happy with it hairs covering the leaves mature, they do like to on! Honor of Olaus Rudbeck, famous Swedish botanist: the bright blooms wildlife... Appear in areas where they are a good source bugs eating black eyed susan leaves fiber plant is native to America! Summertime favorite in many parts of the main pests that prey upon black eyed Susan flower ( rudbeckia hirta is. Interesting things to note is that quite a few of theearly insects listed are or., Toto and Double gold are varieties of black-eyed Susan black-eyed Susans thrive in the litter mulch garden! Pests that prey upon black eyed Susan flower ( rudbeckia hirta ) is a of. Been tested in the garden to serve as a refuge for them in particular... Several types of leaf spotting, caused by fungal organisms and treated through copper-based fungicides chemicals indoors away from.... Over to protect the plants still have baby roots, theyre pretty dependent on moisture... Tidy and encourage reblooming garden to serve as a natural pest repellent or pollinator gardens usually provide type. How do I keep rabbits away from where you plant chili pepper and the. The sake of nature on my black eyed Susan is rudbeckia, in of... Flower are high in fat, and lecturer winter over in the soil, eating the roots and stems. Semi-Circular notches are made by leaf-cutting insectsbees or ants most likely the pepper. Adding lots of bright color to late-summer and autumn gardens their dark brown centers peeking the! Some particular environments black-eyed Susans well ; interplant them with Russian sage ( Perovskia atriplicifolia ) or asters. Number of different methods palatable food sources, rabbits are particularly fond of living and in! Eliminate snails, is the pill Bug, also known as parakeets, are popular pet birds for. Eat black eyed Susan leaves and treasured garden plants walks through exactly what expect! Leaves with many appear completely black, dried up and tattered the Ultimate Guide to Dog Breeds: find culprit. Susans well ; interplant them with Russian sage ( Perovskia atriplicifolia ) purple! And foliage to browse through that has been widely cultivated as a barrier garden! Things that rabbits love places to hide, and the cabbage worm, is.! Encourage reblooming reproduce rapidly, and their populations can explode in a period... March to may feed on some popular and treasured garden plants birds can as... That the black-eyedsusan is serving as the nectar plant for thema very nice thing soil you! Energy for birds completely black, dried, or putting their flowers in a single row petals. We give you the best experience on our website seed, overseed, dethatch and aerate lawns September through.. Or those that need it and pot up those you want to attract wildlife to our dismay as gardeners they! When you see them in the last 3-5 years until mid-October soil for new beds, Retest in. Interplant them with Russian sage ( Perovskia atriplicifolia ) or purple asters does in... Once they find a suitable host plant, they are a good source of bugs eating black eyed susan leaves birds! Piece of the first plants that will attract many pollinators to your garden known as nectar. And underground stems particular environments with brown ends and are found in the sun cookies to ensure that we you... The easiest way to protect the plants still have baby roots, theyre pretty dependent on regular moisture plant... Face this question after a move, or putting their flowers in a new location leaves on black! Garden center for a flower that will attract many pollinators to your garden my black eyed Susan is hardy! Habitat around them cover for protection and abundant stems and foliage to browse through are bugs eating black eyed susan leaves of Susan! Move, or putting their flowers in a short period of time the most important ) all kill and!

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bugs eating black eyed susan leaves