However, until recently, they were unknown in Western Europe. thesis concerns the Mesolithic and Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the west of Ireland. Exploring Past People's Interactions With Wetland Environments In Ireland, Maritime Ireland: An Archaeology of Coastal Communities, Excavations at Caherconnell Cashel, the Burren, Co. Clare: implications for cashel chronology and Gaelic settlement, Written in Bones. Further settlements built in Limerick and Wexford These Vikings were amazing sailors who would travel from places such as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden using well-built longboats. "The other had his head turned to the side and had an even larger stone wedged quite violently into his mouth so that his jaws were almost dislocated," Read told Discovery News. Countless vampires in literature and in movies are portrayed as coming from exotic locations in eastern Europe. My main focus of research is the history and archaeology of later medieval Ireland, particularly the history of the borderlands region of the Shannon River in Roscommon in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This Carote cookware set is $150 off at Walmart, Nearly 40% of Americans skipped medical care in 2022 over cost, 2023 Sling TV deal: Stream live TV and sports for just $20 a month, Chris Evert announces she's "cancer-free" more than 1 year after diagnosis, Police issue warning after "Momo challenge" resurfaces, The doctor worked with engineers and veterans to develop the prototype, Giant squid filmed alive in deep sea for first time. Dublin 2 What the villagers and the Austrian officials interpreted as growth was in fact a result of the contraction of the flesh around the head and hands of the bodies, making it look like the hair and nails had grown. Vampires in literature have always represented the fear of the. Revenants, or the "walking dead," tended to be people who lived as outsiders in society, according to Read. The Poets The court poet in early Ireland Alex Woolf The world of medieval Irish learning Edel Bhreathnach In 1994, on the Greek island of Lesbos, near the city of Mytilene, archaeologists investigating an old Turkish cemetery found a medieval skeleton buried in a crypt hollowed out of an ancient city wall. It was revealed in 2010 that a deviant burial had been found in the Nottinghamshire town of Southwell in 1959, attracting much publicity in the British media. Read the full article: Dear and Identity in medieval ireland. In this research paper I compare Irish and English ecclesiastical fortified stone structures in the 13th century in order to isolate English stone mason influences. Halloween is still more than one month away but archeologists working in Ireland have uncovered a couple of 8th century human skeletons that point to a ghoulish story. Medieval Histories Inc. - VAT: DK 2993 42 15 - Paradisstien 5 - DK 2840 Holte - Denmark - 0045 24 23 36 10 - info@medieval.eu, Medieval Lough C. 1171- King Henry II of England invades Ireland What began as a survey of medieval churches in Co. Roscommon, Ireland, has since turned into one of Ireland's largest research excavations. In the early 1990s, archaeologists found what is believed to be the first vampires graveyardan entire cemetery of vampire burials. The burial is considered somewhat unusual because of its location in a church, but it has been argued that the extra sanctity of the church may have been thought by those who buried the victim to have been more likely to have kept the corpse in its grave. Please enter valid email address to continue. To illustrate the differences in approach between the cultures two case studies based on the authors analysis of the faunal assemblages are presented, with Kilteasheen being a Gaelic site and Greencastle being Anglo- Norman. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature, The Anglo-Normans first introduced fallow deer (Dama dama) to Ireland in the thirteenth century, however no biomolecular research has previously been undertaken to examine the timing, circumstances, Abstract Much of our knowledge of Early Medieval monastic economies is based on contemporary documentary sources. The skeletons, dug up between 2005 and 2009 at Kilteasheen, near Loch Key in Ireland, were found with stones stuck into their mouths. The body was almost certainly that of a Muslim, believed to be the first time a corpse of a person other than a Christian had been found treated in this fashion. Kilteasheen has an area of: 0.33 square miles; 210.88 acres / 210 acres, 3 roods, 21 perches; Nationwide, it is the 33524th largest townland that we know about. It wasnt until one of Irelands largest battles took place that would see the Vikings lose any power they had in Ireland. It is no longer necessary to pre-book your visit to NMI - Natural History but numbers are still very limited. 1002AD Brian Boru becomes High King of Ireland Studies on technological and social contexts of past faunal skeletal remains (co-editor: Bernadeta Kufel-Diakowska), Phylogeographic, ancient DNA, fossil and morphometric analyses reveal ancient and modern introductions of a large mammal: the complex case of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Ireland, Palaeobiology of an Extinct Ice Age Mammal: Stable Isotope and Cementum Analysis of Giant Deer Teeth. The vampire burial phenomenon struck even deeper into the West with the discovery of two skeletons at Kilteasheen in Ireland between 2005 and 2009. These include a number of book shrines: the Domhnach Airgid, the Cathach, the Miosach and the Stowe Missal; and bell shrines: St Senans Bell and the Corp Naomh, as well as the shrine of St Patricks Tooth and the Mias Tighearnin. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. A large black stone had been deliberately thrust into his mouth," Chris Read, head of Applied Archaeology at IT Sligo, said. Maybe even seeing scans of their handwritten census returns? In Celakovice, about 30 kilometers north of Prague, 14 graves have been excavated so far with metal spikes driven through their bodies or heavy stones placed upon them. Officially described as deviant burials, the skeletons of a middle-aged man and a man in his twenties were discovered lying side by side with rocks rammed into their mouths. Vol 115C, Chateau Gaillard 26: Colloque de Aabenraa, 2012, The Tower as Late Medieval Lordly Residence, Shaun Tyas Press, Baker, K., Carden, R. and Madgwick, R. Sometimes, the soul could come back to the body and re-animate it or else an evil spirit could enter the body through the mouth and bring it back to life," Read said. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Deer and People (Oxford: Windgather), K Baker, R Carden & R Madgwick (eds) Deer and People, Oxford: Windgather Press, 2015, pp 208-15. The site has revealed traces from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Early and later Medieval eras. In Jackman, N., Moore, C. & Rynne, C., The Mill at Kilbegly. Evolution of a Farming Community in the Upper Thames Valley. 1169 The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland begins 852AD Armagh was destroyed by Vikings This illustrated volume examines the evidence for medieval parks in Anglo-Norman Ireland. But the Kilteasheen discovery and the wealth of new evidence of deviant burials in general definitely point to the existence of a belief in revenants--or in Irish neamh mairbh, literally "walking dead"--among early medieval communities. Kilbryan Civil Parish This is in keeping with medieval folklore, which held that vampires literally chewed their way out of their burial shrouds, so preventing them from doing this was seen as an effective way of stopping them rising from the grave. 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ISBN: 978-1-84682-569-9. Paole had told people in the vicinity that he had been attacked by a vampire in an area known as Gossowa, but had followed tradition and eaten soil from the vampire's grave in order to cure himself. In Stanley, M, Swan, R & OSullivan, A (eds) Stories of Ireland's Past, Red deer's role in social expression on the isles of Scotland, Crannogs: a Study of People's Interaction With Lakes, With Particular Reference to Lough Gara In the North-West of Ireland. A great cause for concern though came when ruthless warriors known as Vikings started arriving in Ireland, Britain, and France. This would also have been the case in Ireland. Moore, S. 2015. In 1991, an archaeological investigation of the ancient church of the Holy Trinity in Prostejov discovered a crypt burial in the presbytery. Anglo-Norman parks in Medieval Ireland In particular, the Balkan regions of the Hapsburg Empire proved to be a fertile source of lurid, terrifying and seemingly real cases of vampirism. 915AD The Vikings attack Dublin and regain control from the Irish Limerick, and a magnificent 15th-Century embroidered cope from Waterford. . A well publicized discovery in 2006 on the island of Lazaretto Nuovo near Venice confirmed that Italy had its own vampire burials. 2015. 848AD Viking army was defeated in Sligo, Kildare, Cashel, and Cork The latter is a dish-shaped reliquary, perhaps made to hold a relic of St John the Baptist. A perforated antler from South Mimms Castle parallels and possibilities, Wild Cattle: Red Deer in the Religious Texts, Iconography, and Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland. Vol. You can also get a sense of the terrain and the excavations from this 2009 video posted on YouTube, First published on September 16, 2011 / 5:36 PM. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Deer in medieval Ireland: preliminary evidence from Kilteasheen, Co. Roscommon" by F. Beglane. Two bodies of middle-aged adults had iron sickles placed on their throats. 2, Dept of History, NUI Maynooth, Moated Sites in County Roscommon, Ireland: A Statistical Approach, Hall Houses, Church, and State in Thirteenth Century Roscommon: The Origins of the Irish Tower House, Archaeological Excavations at the Bishop's Palace (Robing Room), Saint Canice's Cathedral Close, Kilkenny, Chasing Sylvias Stag: Placing Deer in the Countryside of Roman Britain, Playing the stag in medieval Middlesex? One of the men was between 40 and 60 years old, and the other was a young adult, probably between 20 and 30 years old. The Evidence from Archaeological Excavations. The National Museum of Ireland - Natural History secures funding for further redevelopment, Natural History - Important information for your visit. By contrast, for an Anglo-Norman such as the clergyman and chronicler Gerald of Wales these open landscapes needed to be tamed and civilised by being brought into the agricultural arena. ISBN: 978-1-84682-104-2. While bones from other species are also found they rarely receive much attention in Excavations at the site, co-directed by Thomas Finan, PhD (Saint Louis University) and Christopher Read (IT-Sligo), yielded significant information about medieval ecclesiastical settlement in a Gaelic context. In these struggles it was primarily the taking and holding of livestock, not land or buildings, that conferred honour and nobility upon the participants and it has been noted in this context that few masonry castles were built by the Irish prior to 1400 and that the Anglo-Norman concept of the castle with its associated military and domestic features would have been alien. 1175 King Henry II of England has most of Ireland under his control Power deals with the nobility, both Irish and Anglo-Irish, who ruled medieval society in Ireland. 50, No. According to eyewitnesses, fresh blood was said to flow from the new wound in Blagojevic's body. Anything outside the norm would have caused the community to fear that these people could have come back to life to harass their loved ones or others against whom they had a grudge. The townspeople of Medveda immediately suspected Arnold Paole, an incomer from the Turkish-controlled part of Serbia. Officially described as "deviant" burials, the skeletons of a middle-aged man and a man in his twenties were discovered lying side by side with rocks rammed into their mouths. Notably, the evidence suggests that both parks and fallow deer were relatively uncommon in Ireland compared to England. It is not clear, for instance, whether the people of Kilteasheen believed that the two men they had buried would come back and drink human blood or not, and the rocks in their mouths could have been intended to keep their souls from re-entering their bodies after death. Dead or alive? The medieval bishops of Elphin and the lost church at Kilteasheen Thomas Finan The medieval bronze pax from Dunbrody Abbey, Co. Wexford, and the fate of ornamenta from suppressed religious houses in Ireland Raghnall Floinn Part III. "I'm also intrigued by the fact that the two males were not buried at the same time but were nonetheless buried side-by-side in this non-traditional manner, which suggests these burials were not accidental or careless," Killgrove told Discovery News. Other notable exhibits include: part of one of the earliest spectacle frames in northern Europe; a striking display of medieval pottery; a reconstructed section of a 14th-Century tiled floor; and an inscribed oak beam from a late 16th-Century house in Drogheda, Co. Louth. Another strange aspect of the burials was that the two male corpses had been buried outside the perimeter of the graveyard proper, and had not been laid east-to-west in accordance with Christian burial during the medieval period. This dating app might be for you. The archaeologists were trying to find evidence of a hall house--a type of early medievalGaelic palace--that had been built in the 13th-century. The project began as an off-shoot of an initial ecclesiastical survey of the medieval parish churches of the Diocese of Elphin by Thomas Finan (generously funded by the Heritage Council). It seems that the people who buried these two men--one aged between 40 and 60, the other between 20 and 30--were not afraid of a disease that they had; instead, they feared that the men would come back from the grave. The skeletons, which were featured in a British documentary last week, emerged during a series of digs carried out between 2005 and 2009 at Kilteasheen, near Loch Key in Ireland, by a team of archaeologists led by Chris Read from the Institute of Technology in Sligo, Ireland and Thomas Finan from the University of St. Louis. In addition, stones had been placed on the victims legs, and the torso severed from the legs. Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, Vienna pp. The discovery caused a sensation in Ireland and the UK and became the subject of a TV documentary released in 2011. We had seen this place before, but I thought it was something so insignificant that wasn't worth mentioning it. To the Gaelic lords with a tradition of cattle-raiding and successional disputes, the mountains, woodlands and bogs were an integral part of the landscape and the ability to range over these was vital in the petty warfare that was endemic in the medieval period. Four Courts Press 7 Malpas Street, Dublin 8, Ireland Tel. This is in keeping with folklore, traditionally sharp iron implements being held to be anathema to vampires, hence the placement of the sickles as a measure to ensure that the alleged vampire would not rise again. D02 FH48. Nearly 150 skeletons were excavated and examined. ): Bestial Mirrors: Animals as material culture in the Middle Ages 2010. Four Courts press 2010 The next invasion on Irish soil was not from the Vikings but from the Normans in 1169. A long-lost archaeological report compiled during construction of a new school detailed the discovery of a skeleton dating from between A.D. 550 and 700 with metal spikes jammed through heart, shoulders and ankles. And these graves are not only being found in the vampires traditional home of Eastern Europe and the Balkans, but in Western Europe too. Read our privacy policy for more info. The project began as an off-shoot of an initial ecclesiastical survey of the medieval parish churches of the Diocese of Elphin by Thomas Finan (generously funded by the Heritage Council). Also on display are wooden statues from Fethard, Co. Tipperary, and Askeaton, Co. It is located at 54 0' 16" N, 8 11' 52" W. Nationwide, it is the 33524th largest townland that we know about, Within Co. Roscommon, it is the 1079th largest townland. As for the sightings of the two men after their deaths, one thing that can be said is that mass hysteria and the search for convenient scapegoats--physically real or otherwise--are hardly unknown phenomena during crises of public health. [Early medieval mill at Kilbegly, Co. Roscommon]. Three graves were discovered in which the bodies had been subjected to very unusual treatment post-mortem. The importance of taming the landscape in gaining control of the country was recognised in 1619 by Sir John Davies, the attorney-general in Ireland for James I, who wrote that if the original conquest of Ireland had been followed up with more development of Forrests, Chases, and Parkes then Ireland would have been long since subdued (Leerssen 1995). The cemetery has not been fully excavated and archaeologists expect to find similar burials in future years. The site had been used as a graveyard for centuries, from about the 7th- or 8th-century up to the 1500's, and the burials generally followed consistent, predictable patterns. The body of a younger adult had been tied up and had a heavy stone placed upon his throat. Volume 2: The Finds and Environmental Reports. Medieval Lough C. Blagojevic's body was disinterred, and it was noted that decomposition had not occurred and that the corpse's hair and nails had apparently grown. A large part of the gallery is devoted to the tools and products of medieval crafts and trades, both urban and rural, drawing largely on material that has come to light as a result of recent archaeological excavations. Excavations at Kilteasheen Excavations are ongoing at Kilteasheen Co. Roscommon, on the western shore of Lough C. Irish Gothic writer Sheridan LeFanu penned. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. According to Kristina Killgrove, a biological anthropologist at the University of North Carolina, the burials' dating is particularly interesting as it appears to predate historical records on revenants. The dating of the bodies to the 7th- or 8th-centuries is curious; previously, this time period has been regarded as Ireland's "golden age"--between the introduction of Christianity in the 5th-century and the arrival of the Vikings in the 9th--when the country was peaceful and prosperous. DNA tests are to be carried. Ireland had been split into several large Kingdoms with lesser Kingdoms and Dynasties being established so there would always be some sort of dispute of who owned what land. Medieval Ireland 1150-1550 is located at: The early medieval history of Ireland, often referred to as Early Christian Ireland, spans the 5th to 8th centuries, from the gradual emergence out of the protohistoric period ( Ogham inscriptions in Primitive Irish, mentions in Greco-Roman ethnography) to the beginning of the Viking Age. Deer in Medieval Ireland: Preliminary evidence from Kilteasheen, Co. Roscommon Fiona Beglane 7.1. It appears that the victims all died at around the same time, possibly in a epidemic, but it is unclear why the villagers thought these individuals were at risk of becoming vampires. 1366 The Statutes of Kilkenny were introduced Yet, this lake, and the history and archaeology of the region surrounding the lake, has rarely been examined as a landscape feature in, and of, itself. The mouth was seen as a key part of the body for such a transformation. Identity is inextricably linked with places, landscapes and objects. What had initially been described as the Bishops Seat (and presumably the church at the site) as early as the nineteenth century Ordnance Survey was identified as a thirteenth century hall house built by Tomas OConor in the 1250s. History, archaeology and landscape, Medieval Feminist Forum 2015 Vol. Key topics explored include the form and function of medieval parks, their occurrence and location in the landscape, the status and identity of their owners and a comparison with parks elsewhere. . | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Today, it is largely accepted that the characteristics of the disinterred corpses in both Kisilova and Medveda were not mysterious at all, but are in fact the observable effects of decomposition under certain circumstances. For the first two centuries of this period, this was mainly a rivalry between putative High Kings of Ireland from the northern and southern branches of the U Nill. Brian Walshe, accused of killing wife, allegedly looked up ways to dispose of body, Supreme Court rejects request from New York gun dealers to block new law, Helicopter crash near Ukraine kindergarten kills children, top officials, UPenn asked for info on Biden think tank donors, visitor logs, U.S. lawyer who died in Mexico was "victim of a brutal crime," family says, Matt Schlapp sued by former Herschel Walker aide alleging sexual battery, 200 millionaires say inequality is "eating the world alive". This changed with the coming of the Anglo-Normans in the late twelfth century, when they settled in Ireland and introduced their own culture. After his death, nine further villagers died in mysterious circumstances and locals promptly called on Austrian authorities in the region to investigate the matter. Initially, Read and colleagues thought they had found a Black Death-related burial ground. People were already coming from all over Europe to study in Irelands monasteries, to trade and even settle. Work focuses on secular, non-noble society, with particular emphasis on economic and social life. Baked Salmon may not Read More, In pre-Christian Ireland, the festival of Imbolc signaled the beginning of springtime, with longer and Read More, In the early morning of 31 July 1972, the British army initiated Operation Motorman in Read More, Copyright 2019 YourIrish.com | Made in Ireland, The Vikings arrive in Ireland performing small raids, The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland begins, The Gallowglasses lite mercenary warriors arrive from Scotland, Edward Bruce of Scotland arrived in Ireland. What began as a survey of medieval churches in Co . Key topics explored include the form and function of medieval parks, their occurrence and location in the landscape, the status and identity of their owners and a comparison with parks elsewhere. The Kilteasheen Archaeological Project, jointly sponsored and funded by the Royal Irish Academy, Saint Louis University, and the Institute of Technology-Sligo consisted of a multi-phase research excavation that examined the Gaelic ecclesiastical complex at Kilteasheen, Knockvicar, Co Roscommon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section , Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, , The book available as a pdf file (link above). 77-84. Co. Roscommon 1, PhD thesis, NUI Maynooth, The Social and Ideological Role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland, PhD thesis, Vol. Attention is then turned to discussing the approaches used by researchers concerning landscape and social archaeology, and how such approaches will be used in this thesis. 1318 Edward Bruce was killed by the English If complacent Britons had thought their ancestors were far too sophisticated to be taken in by vampire legends as primitive peasants in Eastern Europe had been, they were in for a shock. Kilteasheen, Ireland The vampire burial phenomenon struck even deeper into the West with the discovery of two skeletons at Kilteasheen in Ireland between 2005 and 2009. 999AD Brian Boru defeated the Vikings Other elements such as the use of garlic to fend the vampires off and fear of crucifixes are all probably Balkan features of vampire lore mixed with literary embellishment, and would almost certainly be absent. 841AD Dubhlinn (Dublin) begins as a Viking settlement This 8th-century skeleton was found in Ireland recently with a large stone shoved in its mouth. It has been argued that the introduction of deer parks to England resulted in the landscape becoming physically divided, reducing access for the lower orders and providing a visible sign of the status of the landowner. Two army medics--known as Glaser and Fluckinger--were dispatched by Austrian authorities to Medveda, and it is from their reports that the details of the case became widespread. For the Gaelic aristocracy hunting the wild red deer was associated with nobility and honour. The Kilteasheen site comprises about ten acres of pasture land. The find has been dated to the 16th century. Kildare St, Curious to see who lived in Kilteasheen in the past? 914AD Large Viking Fleets being arriving at Waterford. Most of the victims were young adults, of both sexes. The exhibition contains three galleries entitled Power, Work and Prayer, reflecting the three-fold division of medieval society - nobles, common people and clergy. 940AD Brian Boru was born Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 980AD The Battle of Tara The modern interpretation of the enclosure as a medieval park used for hunting, and evidence for additional economic utilisations that revolved around wood management are evaluated. 1394 King Richard II lands at Waterford and marches to Dublin Reviews. 'Deer in medieval Ireland: Preliminary evidence from Kilteasheen, Co. Roscommon' in Finan, T. Medieval Lough Ce: History, Archaeology and Landscape Four Courts Press. 1257 The Creadran-Cille Battles All, that is, except for two skeletons. View 12 excerpts, cites methods and background. The Anglo-Normans thus thrived in both settings. Fulachta fia and Bronze Age cooking in Ireland: reappraising the evidence, The Social and Ideological Role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland. "In this case, the stones in the mouth might have acted as a barrier to stop revenants from coming back from their graves," Read told Discovery News. The body and coffin were also smeared with blood. The mythology of vampires is well-known throughout the world. Trantalidou - Masseti, Archaeozoology of the red deer in the southern Balkan Peninsula and the Aegean region during the antiquity: confronting bones and paintings, K. Baker, R. Carden R. Madgwick (eds), Deer and People: Past, Present and Future, Oxford, 2015, Oxbow, p. 59-77. Boyle After discussing the history of research concerning the Stone Age in Ireland, and in particular in the west, this thesis then considers the evidence for the Mesolithic and Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Ireland. Skilled frontman, Neil Hannon, Read More, This baked salmon recipe is easy to make and tastes delicious. The exhibition features most of the surviving medieval Irish shrines and reliquaries, most of which are associated with Irish saints. This invasion would leave England to be embroiled in Irelands affairs hundreds of years after right up to the current day. 'Deer in medieval Ireland: Preliminary evidence from Kilteasheen, Co. Roscommon' in Finan, T. Medieval Lough Ce: History,. The skeleton of a woman dating from the 16th century was discovered in a cemetery of plague victims. The archaeologists at first assumed that these were Black Death burials and that the rocks were safeguards against contagion, but when carbon dating placed the remains as dating back to between 600 and 800 CE, the team had to look for a different explanation. Search the 1911 Irish Census for Kilteasheen, Search the 1901 Irish Census for Kilteasheen, Search Griffith's Valuation (1847-1864) for Kilteasheen, 210.88 acres / 210 acres, 3 roods, 21 perches. A year after the deaths in Kisilova, another small village in Serbia--Medveda--witnessed its own spate of mysterious deaths. 1171 John de Courcy Invades Ulster Many practices of the older Church tradition survived, however, especially in areas outside English control, and this is strongly reflected in the important collection of shrines and reliquaries on display. This was not an unusual discovery, however, the post-mortem treatment of this body was very much unexpected. It was believed that these "vampire" individuals spread the plague by chewing on their shrouds after dying. The two men were laid side by side and each had a baseball-size rock shoved in his mouth. Thomas Finan, editor These include a number of book shrines: the Domhnach Airgid, the Cathach, the Miosach and the Stowe Missal; and bell shrines: St Senan's Bell and the Corp Naomh, as well as the shrine of St Patrick's Tooth and the Mias Tighearnin. The bodies are believed to about 700 years old, and were located buried near a former monastery. Part of the Anglo-Normans in the presbytery and coffin were also smeared with.! -- witnessed its own spate of mysterious deaths both sexes also smeared with blood and exclusive reporting their after. Irish soil was not from the legs adult had been placed on the victims,..., when they settled in Ireland and the torso severed from the Vikings from... 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