He is one of the three greatest ghazal-writers of Persian poetry. At the same time, a distinct Modern Persian literature came into existence in northeastern Iran, where the house of the Samanids of Bukhara and Samarkand had revived the memory of Sasanian glories. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. [2][19], The period from the eleventh to thirteenth century was a cultural blossom time in Western and Southern Asia. [] The major centers of Islam in the late medieval and early modern periods, the centers of both political and cultural power, such as India, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, were all part of this Iranian civilization. The name Attar means herbalist or druggist, which was his profession. Edirne (Adrianople) was the Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, when Istanbul (Constantinople) became the new capital, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development which culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul. Turkish vs Farsi Persian (Farsi) Persian, also commonly referred to as Farsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. To some extent, the movement can be seen as bearing some of the characteristics of postmodern literature. On the contrary: it would only worsen the plight of many of those living in Syria, put Syrian refugees in Turkey in danger, spell the end of Kurdish self-determination . 2. The most important function of miniature was illustration. Parvins poems have social, humanity, learning and mystic concepts. The tradition of Ottoman prose was exclusively non-fictional in nature; as the fiction tradition was limited to narrative poetry. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace (16851784) in Eastern Anatolia was going on. [2] There are approximately 110 million native speakers of Persian around the world making it one of the world's most spoken languages. In Tabriz, for instance, many of the rugs are made for prayer and contain a centralized medallion of sorts. Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken in the Republic of Turkey today. He combined two major scripts of his time Naskh and Taliq and created Nastaliq. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. The first radical step away from this trend was taken by Nzm Hikmet, whoduring his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. At the beginning of the fourteenth century the Ottomans rose to predominance in Asia Minor, and developed an empire that subjugated most of the Arab Islamic world as well as south-eastern Europe. Regional centers of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia. The Ottoman Empire indeed created a vast array of technical specialities. In a first step their background has been analysed. Important poets of the Republic of Turkey period include Ahmet Haim, Yahya Kemal Beyatl and Nzm Hikmet (who introduced the free verse style). Under their rule developed new styles of architecture, Persian literature was encouraged, and flourished miniature painting and book production, and under Timurids prospered Turkic poetry, based on the vernacular known as Chaghatai (today called Uzbek; of Turkic Qarluq origin). [9], In Samanid times began the growth of the public influence of the ulama, the learned scholars of Islam. In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons, becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. As the Turco-Persian Islamic culture was exported into the wider region of Western and Southern Asia, the transformation became increasingly evident. The Mughals, Persianized Turks who had invaded India from Central Asia and claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis Khan, strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. Ferdowsi, author of Shahnameh, took 35 years to write his epic poem about the heroes of Ancient Persia. With the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkish literature became interested in folkloric styles. The style of the current novelists can be traced back to the Gen Kalemler journal in the Ottoman period. The first famous representative of this new literature was the poet Rdak (died 940/941), of whose . [16] The Delhi Sultans modeled their life-styles after the Turkic and Persian upper classes, who now predominated in most of Western and Central Asia. [11] Fatih Akn was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival; the Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament, with the film The Edge of Heaven. It is solely a religion. Browse 17,485 persian culture stock photos and images available, or search for iran or iranian culture to find more great stock photos and pictures. the ascetic ( zhid) the dervish ( dervi)[citation needed], In the early years of the Republic of Turkey, there were a number of poetic trends. Stylistically, the early prose of the Republic of Turkey was essentially a continuation of the National Literature movement, with Realism and Naturalism predominating. The first is the mosaic a design created from gluing bits of different colored tiles together. There is a cultural tradition of almsgiving (charity), influenced by Islamic principles. The Boustan is entirely in verse and consists of stories illustrating the standard virtues such as justice, liberality, modesty and contentment. [12] The film La finestra di fronte (2003) was particularly successful, winning the Best Film and Scholars Jury awards at the 2003 David di Donatello Awards, the Crystal Globe and Best Director awards at the 2003 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the 2003 Silver Ribbon for Best Original Story from the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, the Festival Prize at the 2004 Foyle Film Festival, the Audience Award at the 2004 Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, and the Canvas Audience Award at the 2004 Flanders International Film Festival.[12]. Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. The people spoke " kaba Trke " or "rough Turkish" which was a language much closer to the roots of the Turkic language. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnev), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry. Tiles are used in two different ways for art. Explicitly opposing themselves to everything that had gone in poetry before, they sought instead to create a popular art, "to explore the people's tastes, to determine them, and to make them reign supreme over art". From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. The religious authorities of these non-Muslim communities became their spokesmen, just as the ulama were for the Muslim community, they also began overseeing internal communal affairs. International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. [13] The annual international yal gre (oiled wrestling) tournament that's held in Krkpnar near Edirne is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362. It was managed by bureaucrats and ulama who used both Persian and Arabic, its literati participated in both the Arabic and Persian traditions of high culture of the wider Islamicate world. Although populations across this vast region had conflicting allegiances (sectarian, locality, tribal, and ethnic affiliation) and spoke many different languages (mostly Indo-Iranian languages like Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pushtu, Baluchi, or Kurdish, or Turkic languages like Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Uzbek, or Kyrgyz), people shared a number of common institutions, arts, knowledge, customs, and rituals. Among these are the Fatih Mosque (1470), Mahmut Paa Mosque, the tiled palace and Topkap Palace. Golden dates the first Turkic-Iranian interaction to the mid 4th century, the earliest known periods of the Turkic history. Excerpt: The Mughas, Persianized Turks who had invaded from Central Asiaand claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. The closest related languages are Kurdish and Pashto. However, from the 1930s, architectural styles started to differ from traditional architecture, also as a result of an increasing number of foreign architects being invited to work in the country, mostly from Germany and Austria. Farid ud-Din Attar was born in Nishapur, in what is today north-east Iran. The best-known poets writing in the "Second New" vein were Turgut Uyar (19271985), Edip Cansever (19281986), Cemal Sreya (19311990), Ece Ayhan (19312002), and lhan Berk (19182008). Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism. Cursive Nastaliq or Shekasteh Nastaliq noticeably follows the same rules as Nastaliq, with more flexibility. And Rumis Masnavi is considered one of the most beautiful Persian literary works, if not of all Islamic writings. These cultural similarities were perpetuated by poets, artists, architects, artisans, jurists, and scholars, who maintained relations among their peers in the far-flung cities of the Turco-Persian world, from Istanbul to Delhi.[5]. The major writers of the "village novel" tradition were Kemal Tahir, Orhan Kemal, and Yaar Kemal. The five long poems, known collectively as the Khamsa (Quintet) or Panj Ganj (Five Treasures), composed by Nizami in the late twelfth century, set new standards in their own time for elegance of expression, richness of characterization, and narrative sophistication. The Hac zbek Mosque (1333) in znik, the first important center of Ottoman art, is the first example of an Ottoman single-domed mosque. His best known works are the Bustan (The Orchard) and the Golestan (The Rose Garden). The new rhetoric of public ideals captured interest of peoples throughout Islamic world, including the area where in public affairs Turco-Persian culture once was prominent. Miniature developed into a marriage of artistic and poetic languages and obtained a deep and sincere accordance with poetry. [4], Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. [17][18] Under Seljuks and the Ghaznavids the Islamic religious institutions became more organized and Sunni orthodoxy became more codified. The main reason for this was Safavids' introduction of Shiism into Persia, done to distinguish themselves from their Sunni neighbors, especially Ottomans. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. His other known works are: Fihi Ma Fihi (In It Whats in It), Seven Sessions and The Letters. Instrumental in the spread of the Persian language as a common language along the Silk Road between China and Parthia in the second century BCE, that lasted well into the sixteenth century, were many Bukharian Jews who flocked to Bukhara in the Central Asia and as a merchant class played a great role in the operation of the Silk Road. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. In the year 1072 AD, Omar Khayyam documented the most accurate year length ever calculated a figure still accurate enough for most purposes in the modern world. The documentary has been produced in six 20-minute episodes by Iranian filmmaker Gholamreza Siami for IRIB's international TV network Sahar. Mahmud of Ghazni ruled over southeastern extremities of Samanid territories from the city of Ghazni. There are, however, a few well-known aks from before that time whose names have survived together with their works: the aforementioned Krolu (16th century); Karacaolan (1606?1689? Surfing, snowboarding, skateboarding, paragliding, and other extreme sports are becoming more popular every year. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. During the Abbasid period the Persian influence upon Arabic literature had grown considerably. Years to write his epic poem about the heroes of Ancient Persia is a cultural tradition of almsgiving charity. ; as the Turco-Persian Islamic culture druggist, which was his profession these are the Fatih Mosque ( )! Turkic history construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace ( 16851784 ) in Anatolia! Prose was exclusively non-fictional in nature ; as the Turco-Persian Islamic culture was exported into the wider of. Palace ( 16851784 ) in Eastern Anatolia was going on and obtained a deep and sincere accordance poetry... 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